第6课
关于逗号的一些知识 原则：逗号没有能力连接两个单独的句子。
如何区分短语与句子?一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子。
何为完整的谓语部分?如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。
在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢?
1 两个句子中间有连接词连接;
2 这两个句子是主从句关系(主从句之间一定要有句子引导词来引导)。
10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer. [declined v. 婉言谢绝]
A not being finished B not having finished
C had not been finished D was not finished
42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising. [survey 调查]
A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which
51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. [having been canceled这里是独立主格作原因状语]
A had been canceled B have been canceled
C were canceled D having been canceled
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46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. [variable n. 变项，变量;model vt. 建模]
A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as
even if 即使，即便; so long as (后面加句子时)只要。
47. My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.
A would leave B will have left C has left D had left
将来完成时：will have + 动词过去分词。
49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched
sting v. (蜜蜂)叮，蛰; bite v. (蚊子等)咬; scratch vt. 抓伤，划破(通常指猫抓人)。
once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.
A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss
in vain 徒劳，白费工夫; But很少与介词without联用; at a loss 不知所措。
52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.
A By B On C At D For
on后面加动词ing形式表示“在…之后”这个时间概念。
54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.
A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done
should have + 动词过去分词，表示本应该做; may have + 动词过去分词，表示可能做过;
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句谓语动词的表达形式可能用到：would have + 动词过去分词。
must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过;
can't have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。
56. This crop does not do well in soils[各种土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.
A outside B other than C beyond D rather than
outside prep. 在…外边; rather than 而不是(肯定前者，否定后者)。
beyond prep. 超出…的范围; beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的梦想。
other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示“除…之外”。
66. In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A other than B more than C better than D rather than
63. My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.
A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling
be in no mood to do/doing sth. 没有情绪(心情)做什么事情。
67. I'm sorry I can't see you immediately; but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_. [in a moment 马上，立即(它作为时间状语时一定与将来时态搭配)= in an instant.]
A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment
68. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent. [trumpet 小号]
A than B more than C as D so much as
当否定词not与so much as出现在同一句子中时，它们的含义是：与其说…不如说…
70. Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.
A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually
unceasingly adv. 不停止地，不休止地; gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地;= step by step.
continuously adv. 连续不断地; continually adv. 时断时续地。
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43. Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.
A densely B vastly C enormously D largely
densely populated 人口分布稠密; sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。
52. _D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.
A None B Either C Both D Neither
none表示的是三者或三者以上都不; either表示的是两者之间任意一者。
55. Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as _A_ other musicians.
A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than
注意：具有比较意味的形容词只需要与to搭配，而无须more, than。
58. She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.
A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient
anxious adj. 忧虑的，焦虑的; anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑; effective adj. 有效的;
take effective measures 采取有效的措施; adequate adj. 充足的，足够的;= surficient.
efficient adj. 效率高的，能胜任的。
64. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.
A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way
in the way 引导句子时表示“在...方面”。
170. Please move this chair, it is _A_.
A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way
in the way在没有引导句子时表示“挡路的，妨碍某人的”。
67. In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.
A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt
考试中常见的几个使役动词：make, get, keep, leave.
考试中的形式：使役动词 + sb.(sth.) + ___ 此时空格处应填分词
具体是要填现在还是过去分词由空格前的sb.(sth.)决定，
如果它是动作的发出者则填现在分词，如果它是动作的承受者则填过去分词。
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41. He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.
A after B by C at D during
介词by引导时间状语时一定与完成时态搭配。
45. His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.
A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering
49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.
A blank B hollow C vacant D bare
blank adj. 空白的(因为没写字而空白); hollow adj. 空心的，中空的;
bare adj. 光突突的(山上没有树和草);没带首饰的; bald adj. 秃顶的。
50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling _D_ heavy schedules.
A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to
owning to = due to 因为。
52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably
peculiar adj. 奇特的; indifferently adv. 冷漠地，不积极地;
vigorously adv. 强有力的，强劲有力的; inevitably adv. 不可避免地，必然地。
60. We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use
61. In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. [in short supply 供应不足]
A store B provision C reserve D supply
in previous times 从前; fresh water 淡水; fresh meat 鲜肉; dove n. 鸽子;
bean curd 豆腐; Bible 圣经; bible 具有权威性的书; God 上帝; god 神。
62. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.
A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken
以下几个表示“指挥，命令”的动词：order, command, direct.
在引导宾语从句时从句要用“(should) + 动词原形”来体现虚拟语气。
63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
A had come B coming C come D that came
65. I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A to B on C at D in
to the point of 到了…程度; on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事情;
at the point of 在某点上; when除了表示“当…时候”外，还可以表示“恰在此时”或“刚…就…”
68. The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A accomplished B being accomplished
C to be accomplished D having been accomplished
69. _C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.
A If being B It is C There is D There being
evidence表示“证据”，最大的特点是后面经常带同位语从句说明证据的内容。
language-acquiring ability 语言习得能力。 evidence不用在“it is …”这种结构当中。
64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客厅].
A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away
order vt. 命令;订购;整理，使有条理性; order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思绪;
arrange v. 布置，安排; tidy up 整理，使整洁(后面通常加某个房间);
clear away 把…清除掉。
67. A lorry[卡车] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.
A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down
run over 撞倒并碾过; run into 不期然地遇到; run through 贯穿(多用于抽象事物);
run down 贬低; run down one's opinion.
70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.
A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied
rare books 珍藏本的书籍; appreciate 重视，欣赏，感激; approve 批准，通过，赞成;
approve of 赞成，满意; apply 应用，运用;
appeal 呼吁(表示此意义时它经常于for搭配);申诉，上诉(表示此意义时它要于to搭配)。
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15. Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me?
A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in
C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in
pleasure n. 荣幸; 第二选项的正确形式应为：give me the pleasure of
C选项也可写为：do me the favor(favour) of
18. _C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.
A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly
以下几个引导词都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.
25. Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.
A on B in C at D of
表示身体某一部位受伤用介词in。 hit sb. in the face 打某人一个耳光。
28. Cork was angry; _D_ he listened to me.
A and B but C so D nevertheless
cork n. 软木塞。 nevertheless conj. 尽管如此。
34. That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.
A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible
instrument n. 仪器，(弹奏的)乐器; delicate instrument 精密仪器。
delicate adj. 精密的，准确的; feeble adj. 软弱的，无力的; sensible adj. 明智的;
sensitive adj. 敏感的; be sensitive to 对…很敏感; feasible adj. 可行的，行得通的。
40. Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.
A left off B left out C left to D left up
leave off 停止，中断; leave out = omit 遗漏;
43. Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.
A consist; of B consist; from C consist; for D consist; in
consist of 包括; consist in(抽象意义的)在于 = lie in在于。
49. There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.
A but B which C that D unless
but用在否定句中并且后面引导一个句子时相当于“that...not”。
本句可改写为这种形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.
50. “Will you be able to finish the job this week?” “_D_.”
A I don’t know so B I can’t say so C I’m not sure so D I don’t expect so
I don't expect so 恐怕不行。
394. “I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I _D_.”
A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too
395. “I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broke.” “Oh, I _D_.”
A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not
肯定用：I hope so. 否定用：I hope not.
51. She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a flight of stairs.
A of B from C with D for
die of 表示因年老，疾病或饥饿而死亡; die from 指因为受伤而死亡。
57. You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.
A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking
have no business doing sth. 没有理由(权利)做某事。
132. _B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift. [the other day 几天前]
A Some B The other C Another D On one
65. I’d just as soon _A_ rudely to her.
A you didn’t speak B that you don’t speak
C that you won’t speak D you hadn’t speak
wish, would rather后面加句子，句子谓语动词用一般过去时。
would just as soon的用法与would rather完全相同。
69. Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.
A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone
any one 任何一个(指事物); no one 没有人; everyone 每个人; anyone 任何人。
73. I suppose you’re not serious, _C_?
A don’t you B do I C are you D aren’t you
主、从句整体变反意疑问句时通常都与主句保持一致。
但suppose, think, believe, imagine这四个动词后面加了宾语从句，
然后对整个句子来变反意疑问句时反意疑问句部分与从句保持一致。
82. The chair belongs _B_ the corner.
A to B in C on D with
belong to 属于(表示归属关系); belong in 在…有适当的位置。
94. The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.
A turning B driving C setting D putting
drive sb. mad(crazy) 使某人发疯。
114. We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.
A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met
be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事。
118. Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.
A is B to be C were D being
assume sb.(sth.)to do sth. 想当然的认为某人(某事物)要做某事。
assume + that引导的从句。
129. The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.
A as B with C to D against
compare与with搭配，表示将A与B进行比较; compare与to搭配，表示将A比作B。
130. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.
A free B empty C vacant D reserved
vacant adj. 空闲的。
144. I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.
A whether B that C when D what
doubt + whether引导的从句，怀疑是否… ; doubt + that引导的从句。对...真的有疑虑。
156. Let bygones be bygones. Don’t _D_ so much on the past.
A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell
let bygones be bygones. 让过去的过去吧。 dwell vi. 居住; dwell on 老是想着…
162. Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.
A which B what C where D but
what这时连接两个句子，表示“有如”或“就像…一样”。
what只有用在这种“A对于B来说就象C对于D一样”句型当中时。
Air is to man what water is to the fish. 空气对于人类来说就象水对于鱼来说一样重要。
165. His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.
A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question
in question = under discussion 正在讨论中的; beside the question 离题，与题无关;
out of the question 不可能的; out of question 没有问题的，毫无疑问的;
without question 没有问题的，毫无疑问的 = out of question.
172. Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. New York is _A_.
A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of
a case in point 有说服力的例子。
185. “Frank is up late working again.”
“This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _A_?”
A isn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t he
这里it是代词，指代前面整句话的内容。
表示“第几次做某事”变成反意疑问句经常用it指代整句话的内容。
252. This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_?
A hasn’t he B isn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t it
191. A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.
A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected
weigh vt. 斟酌，考虑; interested adj. 有兴趣的; disinterested adj. 公正的，无私的;
uninterested adj. 不感兴趣的; disconnected adj. 分离的，不连贯的。
217. Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.
A not so much B not so little C no more D no less
lose one’s temper 发脾气。
222. Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.
A whereas B or C as well as D hence
whereas conj. 反之，但是。
239. Water and air are _D_ to living.
A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable
be indispensable to 至关重要的，不可或缺的;
240. This report throws light _B_ the situation.
A in B on C with D to
throw light on 把光投到…上去，(引申)清楚的阐述。
246. _B_ that we will go abroad.
A It’s like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be
chances are 很有可能… ; chances were 很有可能…
253. Is there any chance _B_?
A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever
whatsoever经常放在一些名词后面作后置定语，表示“任何的”或“丝毫的”。
whatsoever作后置定语通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。
262. She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.
A say B tell C read D speak
not speak of 更不用说 = not to mention
270. What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.
A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else
practical joke 恶作剧; nothing else than 只不过，仅仅。
283. I’ll be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.
A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of
in care of 由…转交。 = C/O
284. Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.
A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any
if any是一个口语中经常加的插入语成分，表示“如果说有…的话”。
288. There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.
A remaining … helping B to remain … to help
C in remaining … to help D in remaining … helping
there is no point in doing sth. 做某事也是毫无意义; 这里point表示“作用，用途”。
291. Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_?
A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that
seeing people 视力健全的人; casually 随意地，随便地;
let is go at that表示“不去多操心，不再多说，随它去了”。
316. The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.
A presently B promptly C directly D quickly
directly adv. 直接的; conj. 一…就… ，一当…时候。
表示“一…就…”的几个短语：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.
323. The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.
A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak
so to speak 可以这么说。
335. “What can I do for you?” “If you _C_ see Mr. Keller, give him my regards.”
A would B will C should D shall
regard n. 关心，致意，问候，考虑;
356. The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats. [The Mayor and Corporation 市长和市政当局]
A at their wit’s end B at their wits end C in their wit’s end D for their wits end
at one's wit's end 智穷才竭，黔驴技穷。
383. I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.
A other than B better than C rather than D more than
know better than 明白事理而不至于做…
417. The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.
A in B into C for D of
suspect v. 猜疑，怀疑; n. 嫌疑犯。
look for 寻找; look in 顺便看望，顺便拜访; look into 观察，调查。