托业考试综合辅导(4)

default n. failure to perform a duty; failure to pay on time; failure to appear in court; option on a computer which is automatically selected

default v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to appear in court

defect n. deficiency; flaw

defect v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides

defense n. protection; security; rampart; shield

deference n. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes, or judgment of another; courteous respect

define v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries

definition n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or term)

deform v. to spoil the natural form of; misshape; to spoil the beauty or appearance of; disfigure

degrade v. to reduce in grade, rank, or status; demote; to lower in dignity; dishonor or disgrace; to lower in moral or intellectual character; debase

degree n. rank; extent; unit of measurement of temperature and angles; academic title received after completing a program of studies at a university or college, i.e.: MBA (Master of Business Administration)

deject v. to lower the spirits of; dishearten

delay n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering

delay v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to loiter

delegate n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a conference, convention; seminar etc.

delegate v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a duty or responsibility on to someone else

delete v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate

deliberate adj. intentional; purposeful; methodical

delicious adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell

delineate v. to draw or trace the outline of; sketch out; to represent pictorially; depict; to depict in words or gestures; describe

deliver v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express

delivery n. distribution; liberation; transference

delude v. to deceive the mind or judgment of

demeanor n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance

demographics n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population

demolish v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove

demonstrate v. to exhibit; to present; to display emotion; to display public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); to show or illustrate something through example, or physical demonstrations

demonstration n. exhibition; explanation; showing; display of public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); emotional display

denial n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to recognize; act of denying

denominator n. shared characteristic; common feature; number below the line in a fraction (Mathematics)

denounce v. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible; to accuse formally

dense adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close

density n. compactness; closeness

deny v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce

depart v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to die

departure n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival

depend v. to rely on; to trust; to be dependent upon; to be supported by

dependent adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another person); conditional; contingent

depict v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to elucidate

deplete v. to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out

deplore v. to feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; to express sorrow or grief over

deploy v. to be spread out or arranged strategically (of troops, etc.); to move into a position of readiness and availability

deposit n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for safekeeping; partial payment; pledge

deposit v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to pay in part; to set down

deprivation n. a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office

deprive v. to take something away from; to keep from possessing or enjoying; deny; to remove from office

deregulate v. to free from regulation, especially to remove government regulations from

deregulation n. process of removing something from government control; transferal of ownership from government to private hands; privatization

dereliction n. willful neglect, as of duty or principle; the act of abandoning; abandonment

deride v. to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth

derivation n. the act or process of deriving; the form or source from which something is derived; an origin; the historical origin and development of a word

descend v. to move from a higher to a lower place; come or go down; to slope, extend, or incline downward; to come down from a source; derive

describe v. to depict; to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate; to give an account of

description n. explanation; illustration; instruction

desert adj. of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert; barren and uninhabited; desolate

desert n. a barren or desolate area; an empty or forsaken place; a wasteland

desert v. to leave empty or alone; abandon; to withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake

deserve v. to be worthy of; to have a right to

design n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure

design v. to make plans for; to formulate; to create; to conceive; to think up; to intend; to produce; to conceptualize

designate v. to indicate or specify; point out; to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose

despiteprep. notwithstanding

destination n. place where one is going; place where something is sent; the purpose for which something is destined

destroy v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase

destruction n. ruin; desolation; annihilation

detachment n. the act or process of disconnecting or detaching; separation; the state of being separate or detached; indifference to or remoteness from the concerns of others; aloofness

detail v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign; to delegate; to enumerate

detailed adj. itemized; containing details; marked by abundant detail or by thoroughness in treating small items or parts

detain v. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard; to keep in custody or temporary confinement

detect v. to discover; to discern; to find out

detention n. the act of detaining; the state or a period of being detained

deteriorate v. to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value; to grow worse; degenerate; to weaken or disintegrate; decay

determine v. to decide; to define; to settle; to conclude; to cause; to affect

detest v. to dislike intensely; abhor

detrimental adj. causing damage or harm; injurious

devaluation n. a reduction in the value of one currency in relation to other currencies

devastate v. to lay waste; destroy; to overwhelm; confound; stun

deviate v. to turn aside from a course or way; to depart, as from a norm, purpose, or subject; stray

device n. apparatus; hardware component which can send or receive date (Computers); appliance; gadget; trick; scheme

devise v. to plan; to invent; to design

devitalize v. to diminish or destroy the strength or vitality of

devote v. to give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person; to set apart for a specific purpose or use; to set apart by or as if by a vow or solemn act; consecrate

dictate v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to command; to order; to impose

diet n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight loss plan

diet v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain kinds of food

diffuse v. to pour out and cause to spread freely; to spread about or scatter; disseminate; to make less brilliant; soften

digit n. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9; a human finger or toe

digital adj. using numbers; with numbers; based on digits

dignity n. respected position; honor; nobility

diligent adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working; characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort

directory n. guidebook; library; catalog; subdivision of a disk in which files are stored (Computers); web portal site

disappear v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish; opposite of to appear

disavow v. to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with

discard n. garbage; refuse; scrap

discard v. to throw away; to get rid of

discern v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate

discharge n. the act of removing a load or burden; a flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion; something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted

discharge v. to relieve of a burden or of contents; unload; to release, as from confinement, care, or duty; to remove from office or employment

discipline n. training

disclaim v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to disavow

disclaimer n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation; act of disclaiming; repudiation; renouncing of a claim; denial

discord n. Lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things; Tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension; An inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones (Music)

discord v. to fail to agree or harmonize; clash

discount n. price reduction; rebate

discount v. to disregard; to ignore; to reduce the price of; to mark down; to give a discount

discourage v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show disapproval of; to derail

discouraged adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from

discouragement n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

discourse n. verbal expression in speech or writing; verbal exchange; conversation

discourse v. to speak or write formally and at length; to engage in conversation or discussion; converse

discover v. to find out; to come across; to gain knowledge; to learn of something; to get information about something

discredit n. loss of or damage to one's reputation; lack or loss of trust or belief; doubt; something damaging to one's reputation or stature

discredit v. to damage in reputation; disgrace; to cause to be doubted or distrusted; to refuse to believe

discrete adj. separate; individual; discontinuous

discretion n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment

discriminate v. to make a clear distinction; distinguish; to make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice

disdain n. a feeling or show of contempt and aloofness; scorn

disdain v. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise; to consider or reject as beneath oneself

disease n. sickness; illness

disembark v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to land

disgruntle v. to make discontented

disguise n. the act or an instance of disguising; clothes or accessories worn to conceal one's true identity; appearance that misrepresents the true character of something

disguise v.to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition; to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent

dislocate v. to put out of usual or proper place, position, or relationship; to throw into confusion or disorder; disrupt

dislodge v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel

dismal adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad

dismay n. a sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger

dismay v. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension; to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion

dismiss v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free

disparate adj. markedly different; contrasting

dispassion n. freedom from passion, bias, or emotion; objectivity

dispassionate adj. devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

dispatch n. sending off; shipment; message; communication; promptness

dispatch v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed and efficiency; to eliminate

dispel v. to rid one's mind of; to drive away or off by or as if by scattering

dispense n. expenditure; pardon

dispense v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to hand out

disperse v. to drive off or scatter in different directions; to cause to vanish or disappear; to disseminate

displace v. to move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland; to take the place of; supplant; to discharge from an office or position

display n. presentation; show; screen; monitor (Computers); exposure; exhibition; attractive arrangement of products

display v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to reveal; to show in an ostentatious manner

disposal n. getting rid of; arranging

dispose v. to control; to arrange; to put in order

disposition n. tendency; character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement

dispute n. quarrel; disagreement; argument

dispute v. to argue; to debate; to appeal; to contest; to oppose; to fight against

disrupt v. to upset; to disturb; to divide

dissent n. difference of opinion or feeling; disagreement; the refusal to conform to the authority or doctrine of an established church

dissent v. to differ in opinion or feeling; disagree; to withhold assent or approval

dissidence n. disagreement, as of opinion or belief; dissent

dissipate v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered

dissolve v. To cause to pass into solution; To cause to disappear or vanish; dispel; To bring to an end by or as if by breaking up; terminate

distinctive adj. special; unique; different

distinguish v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to recognize

distort v. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent; to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert

distract v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse; to draw one's attention away; opposite of to attract

distress n. anxiety or mental suffering; severe strain resulting from exhaustion or an accident; the condition of being in need of immediate assistance

distress v. to cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to; to mar or otherwise treat (an object or fabric, for example) to give the appearance of an antique or of heavy prior use

distribute v. to divide and dispense in portions; to supply (goods) to retailers; to spread or diffuse over an area; scatter; to separate into categories; classify

distributor n. person, company or organization that markets a commodity, product or service; wholesaler; person who allots or dispenses

disturb v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry; to cause concern; to cause disorder

diverse adj. different; varied

diversification n. process of becoming varied

diversify v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various securities

diversity n. variety; difference; unlikeness

divert v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction; to deflect

dividend n. a share of profits received by a stockholder or by a policyholder in a mutual insurance society; a payment pro rata to a creditor of a person adjudged bankrupt

division n. act of separating into parts; partitioning; basic mathematical operation in which one number is divided by another; department; faculty; ranking; level according to difficulty; group of soldiers that form a distinct tactical unit within a squadron

document n. certificate; paper which provides information or evidence; deed; written file; data file containing the product of a user's work (Computers)

document v. to record for evidence; to write down; to provide with documentary evidence; to substantiate

documentation n. collection of written records; use of written records as evidence

domain n. a territory over which rule or control is exercised; a sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field

domestic adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about an animal)

domestic n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper

dominant adj. exercising the most influence or control; most prominent, as in position; ascendant

dominate v. to control; to rule; to command

donate v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow

donation n. gift; contribution

dosage n. administration of a therapeutic agent in prescribed amounts; addition of an ingredient to a substance in a specific amount, especially to wine

dotted adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small dashes (about a line)

downcast adj. directed downward; low in spirits; depressed

download v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another computer through an Internet connection

downsize v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to manufacture smaller amounts; to cut the number of employees

downsizing n. act of reducing the size of; bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering expenses; taking various measures to cut costs in order to stabilize the financial situation of a corporation (i.e. manufacturing in smaller amounts, etc.)

downstream adj. in the direction of a stream's current; closer to the point of sale than to the point of production or manufacture (Business)

downturn n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business)

downward adj. descending

downward adv. towards a lower place, position or section

draft n. rough outline; sketch; check; written order for payment; conscription; calling up for army service; current of air

draft v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to conscript; to recruit for military service; to force or persuade to do some task; to draw out and separate

drastic adj. extreme; intense; severe

drastically adv. (b) intensely; in an extreme manner; severely

draw v. to attract; to pull; to pull out; to sketch; to depict with lines; to describe with words; to move towards; to suck in; to conclude; to drain; to stretch out; to pick randomly; to be given randomly; to shrink by contraction; to disembowel

drawback n. a disadvantage or inconvenience; a refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes for goods destined for reexport

dress code n. formally or socially imposed standards of dress, especially in a company; the way employees of a company are dressed at work

drill n. tool for drilling holes; practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of seeds in a furrow

drill v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in rows

drop n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount; pendant; piece of candy; lozenge; act of dropping supplies from a plane; sudden descent; fall

duplicate adj. double; identical; matching

duplicate n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction

duplicate v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy

durable adj. sturdy; long lasting

duration n. period of time that something continues

duress n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion

dweller n. a person who inhabits a particular place

dynamic adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive