倒装:对英语中的倒装现象有广义和狭义两种理解,从狭义上来理解,只有主语和谓语的颠倒才算倒装;从广义上来理解,句子中的任何词序,语序的改变都可以看作倒装.本章重点介绍主谓倒装必须注意的几个地方.
[例题]
1.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
(直到开始工作,我才意识到已经浪费了很多时间.)
2.Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
(我们没有料到他会那么快就完成了任务.)
[解析]当否定词或含有否定意义的词组位于句首时,主谓颠倒.常见的否定词和具有否定意义的词组有:at no time, by no means, few, hardly, in neither case, in no case, in no time, in no way, in vain, little, never, no more, no sooner, not, not once, not only, not until, nowhere, on no account, rarely, scarcely, seldom, still less, under no circumstances, under no condition等.
[例题]
3.If you don't agree to our plan, neither will they.
(如果你们不同意我们的计划，他们也不会的.)
[解析]so或neither或not位于句首,表示前一种情况也透用于后者,此时,句子主谓词颠倒.
[例题]
4.Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.
(尽管家也许很简陋,但是世上只有家最好.)
[解析]as或though引导让步状语从句,意为"尽管","虽然",此时要将从句中的被强调的成分前置句首.
[例题]
5.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
(只有当你拥有了完善的语法知识,你才能正确地写作.)
[解析]为了强调,"only短语(包括only+副词,only+介词短语,only+状语从句)"置于句首时,主谓语颠倒.
[例题]
7.So little did I know about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
(我对数学了解甚少,完全听不懂这节课讲些什么.)
[解析]为了加强语气,"so(such)...that"结构中的so或such可以提到句首,这时主谓要颠倒.
